Chi sostiene questa tesi non è un pericoloso terrorista contemporaneo o un reduce tardivo delle BR, ma un tranquillo professore americano, Walter Scheidel (Dickason Professor in the Humanities, Stanford University, si legge nel suo curriculum da cui è possibile anche collegarsi tramite mail -scheidel@stanford.edu).
La tesi è illustrata in un ponderoso studio appena uscito: THE GREAT LEVELER: VIOLENCE AND THE HISTORY OF INEQUALITY FROM THE STONE AGE TO THE XXIST CENTURY, Princeton University Press, pagg. 582. Il saggio è stato recensito su IL SOLE 24 ORE dal filosofo E. Bencivenga di cui riportiamo alcuni passi virgolettati.
Le violenze esposte all'autore sono di 4 tipi: guerre, rivoluzioni, crolli dell'apparato statale, epidemie. Attraverso moltissimi casi nella storia, si rileva sempre la stessa regolarità: "Finchè duravano il massacro e la sua eco, le condizioni di poveri e ricchi si riequilibravano (la crisi di manodopera provocata dalla peste, ad esempio, elevava i salari e deprimeva la rendita); appena le circostanze si normalizzavano, ritornavano il privilegio e l'abuso".
http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10921.html
How only violence and catastrophes have consistently reduced inequality throughout world history
Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Inequality declines when carnage and disaster strike and increases when peace and stability return. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world.
Ever since humans began to farm, herd livestock, and pass on their assets to future generations, economic inequality has been a defining feature of civilization. Over thousands of years, only violent events have significantly lessened inequality. The "Four Horsemen" of leveling—mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolutions, state collapse, and catastrophic plagues—have repeatedly destroyed the fortunes of the rich. Scheidel identifies and examines these processes, from the crises of the earliest civilizations to the cataclysmic world wars and communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Today, the violence that reduced inequality in the past seems to have diminished, and that is a good thing. But it casts serious doubt on the prospects for a more equal future.
An essential contribution to the debate about inequality, The Great Leveler provides important new insights about why inequality is so persistent—and why it is unlikely to decline anytime soon.
Walter Scheidel is the Dickason Professor in the Humanities, Professor of Classics and History, and a Kennedy-Grossman Fellow in Human Biology at Stanford University. The author or editor of sixteen previous books, he has published widely on premodern social and economic history, demography, and comparative history. He lives in Palo Alto, California.
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